Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a
public health crisis that affects the economies of the world, especially
developing countries. The worldwide incidence of type 2 diabetes is increasing.
It was estimated in 2000 that there were 171 million diabetics. This will reach
to 366 million people in 2030. In 2003 the expert committee of the American
diabetes association proposed to eliminate the terms insulin and
non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus and their acronyms (IDDM and NIDDM).
Type 1 diabetes is actually known
as IDDM. Type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome characterized
by elevated blood glucose levels due to defective insulin secretion and/or
insulin action, so this type known as NIDDM. When insulin secretion cannot
compensate for insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes develops.Milk proteins are
considered to be the most important sources of bioactive peptides. The
beneficial health effects of milk bioactive peptides are classified as
cytomodulatory, mineral binding, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory,
blood-pressure lowering (Angiotensinconverting enzyme, ACE-inhibitory),
antithrombotic, antioxidant and opioid like, in addition to
cholesterol-lowering.
Bioactive peptides released from
milk proteins in the gastrointestinal tract by the action of digestive enzymes
such as pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxy and aminopeptidases. The
physiological activity of bioactive peptides depends on their ability to
maintain integral state during transport to the various functional systems of
the body.
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